The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. most of them are proteins.Ī sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides). Loss of a proteins normal 3D structure can possibly be caused by pH and temperature which affect the ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds & hydrophilic interactionsĪ macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. The particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent subunits, each a polypeptide.

Types of bonds/interactions in _ : hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges The overall shape of a protein molecule due to interactions of amino acid side chains, including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges. Protein structure with two or more segments of the polypeptide chain link side by side (called B strands) connected by hydrogen bonds between parts of the two parallel segments of the polypeptide backbone. Regions of repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bonding between constituents of the backbone (not the side chains). The level of protein structure referring to the specific linear sequence of amino acids. The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction. Structural support, catalyst, transport, defense, movement, regulationĪn organic molecule possessing both a carboxyl and an amino group. The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.Ī chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.Ī chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water functions in dis-assembly of polymers to monomers.Ī biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure. Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipidsĪ long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds.

A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction.įour classes of biological macromolecules

Ap biology chapter 5 coursenotes